When people hear the diagnosis of diabetes, they tend to assume that insulin injections are the only current treatment available to them. With type 2 diabetes is not the case, and there are many treatments for diabetes medications as your doctor recommend May before you try to make use insulin. Some treatment of diabetes medications available today, and their possible side effects. One of the most common treatment of diabetes medications taken in tablet form is sulfonamides, taken once or twice a day. It works by increasing the natural production of insulin in the body, so insulin injections are not necessary. The types of sulphonylureas available glibenclamide, glimepiride, and chlorpropamide, and they can cause various side effects. Sulfonamides work over a long period of time so that they can cause levels of blood sugar to drop too low, causing hypoglycemia. They are also known to cause nausea, stomach pain and weight gain excessive. On rare occasions, diabetics can take sulfonamides experience lumpy red rash on their skin. Biguanide, otherwise known as metformin, a diabetes drug taken two to three times a day. It prevents the liver to produce new glucose and insulin also assists in the exercise of glucose to cells of the body. Side effects of this treatment are mild and include a stomach ache, nausea or diarrhea. Side effects decrease over time, and may be limited by taking tablets biguanide with food. A recent addition to the list of medicines for treating diabetes is thiazolidinediones, which has two types, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone. This type 2 diabetes treatment is to reduce the body’s resistance to insulin, allowing diabetics to use insulin produced naturally more efficiently. There are side effects associated with thiazolidinediones, which include weight gain, increased incidence of pain, headaches, and some water retention. On rare occasions, May diabetics develop respiratory tract infections when taking the thiazolidinediones. If you are at high risk of hypos when taking sulphonylureas, your doctor recommend May prandial glucose regulators who also increase production of insulin in the pancreas, but only over a short period of time. These can cause side effects such as nausea and stomach pain, but they are minimal when tablets are taken with meals. Diabetics taking prandial glucose regulation May also experience weight gain, but a flexible dosage can usually solve this problem. A different approach in the fight against hyperglycemia associated with type 2 diabetes, is to take an inhibitor of alpha glucose. These reduce the speed at which carbohydrates are taken in the bloodstream so that your blood sugar levels do not increase too rapidly. The usual dose for alpha inhibitors glucose, such as acarbose is three tablets per day. However, your doctor May suggest a low dose to begin to minimize side effects as diarrhea, bloating and wind. The human body naturally produces a hormone called incretin, which regulates the amount of insulin that we make, and limits manufacture of glucose in the liver. DPP-4 inhibitors are a type of diabetes treatment drug that increases incretin levels, helping to control diabetes type 2. These tablets can be taken alongside other drugs treating diabetes, such as thiazolidinediones, but should not be taken by patients who are also using insulin. At some point most Type 2 diabetics is that they need to switch to insulin to treat their condition. This is often because, after many years of treating diabetes drugs pancreas is not able to produce enough insulin. Although the idea of insulin injections can be terrifying for some, needles used are very small that the injection occurs just under the skin. Insulin is injected into the stomach, buttocks or thighs, and injection sites are varied to reduce insulin build. For those who can not cope injections, the passage form of diabetes drugs to insulin can be facilitated by the use of an inhaler or insulin pump.
Posts Tagged ‘Drugs’
Looking at the Type of Diabetes Drugs
Tuesday, January 19th, 2010Arthritis Pain Relief – Avoid Arthritis Drugs – Change Your Diet
Tuesday, January 5th, 2010During my professional nursing career I was never able to find relief for my arthritis pain until I turned to the field of natural or alternative medicine. And arthritis sufferers today are continually seeking relief from their arthritis pain.
Arthritis concentrates in one or more joints where the deterioration occurs. Sometimes arthritis symptoms can occur in the wrist, elbows, shoulders, and jaw but you generally won’t find it there. In osteoarthritis, any one or more of the affected joints experience a progressive loss of cartilage. Cartilage is the slippery material that cushions the ends of bones.
Collagen is the essential protein found in cartilage. It forms a mesh to give support and flexibility to all the joints. Joints are designed for normal movement without pain. They are primarily supplied by the synovium and cartilage.
When chondrocytes (the cells that make up cartilage) age, they lose the ability to make repairs and produce more cartilage. This process may play an important part in the development and progression of osteoarthritis. Researchers report a higher incidence of osteoarthritis between parents and their children and between siblings rather than between husbands and wives. Some possible causes of arthritis include lesser known: bleeding disorders, like hemophilia, that cause bleeding to occur in the joints, disorders such as avascular necrosis, that block the blood supply closest to the joint and conditions like hemochromatosis, that cause iron build-up in the joints.
With natural arthritis treatments there will be fewer, if any, side effects or adverse reactions as with drugs or medications. Gluten may be one of the culprits in arthritic diseases which include fibromyalgia. So avoid wheat, barley, rye, spelt, triticale, kamut and oats (although oats is not a gluten grain it gets contaminated during the milling process at the wheat mills where it is usually milled). An acidic diet, that is a diet comprised of foods that are not alive, is considered to be inflammatory to the joints.
Taking a few dried Montmorency tart cherries seem to be helpful as a natural treatment for arthritis pain for many people. Some of the foods and beverages to avoid that are inflammatory are: caffeine, salt, sugar, meat, dairy products, additives like MSG and aspartame, preservatives, soft drinks, white flour, white rice, alcoholic beverages, fast food, processed vegetable oils, and refined, packaged and processed food. Studies that have been done on antioxidant vitamins question the value of them as supplements. It’s clearly better to consume these antioxidants in living foods because they may also need to work together with other nutrients present in the foods in order to work properly – synergistic action.
For a good natural approach and natural treatment for arthritis make an appointment with a naturopathic doctor, called a naturopath; ask around for referrals in your area. One natural treatment method restricts all inflammatory foods.
If your arthritis is affecting your weight-bearing joints, keeping your weight within a normal range is important to get rid of arthritis symptoms. The best natural approach is to eat foods that are known to help relieve arthritis pain or prevent arthritis, like living plant foods.
And did I mention how important it is to keep moving? Stretching and warming up the joints should always be the first step in your exercise routine to make your joints more flexible, but be careful in the early morning; you may need an hour or more of moving around first. You can start by moving your limbs around in bed a few minutes before you get out of bed. If you have swollen joints in your fingers, a good exercise to try is to put your finger tips together and press hard and release. Repeat several times. Exercise in a heated, unchlorinated pool if possible. It will help reduce the pressure on your joints and the heat will help loosen the joints.
Besides a predominately plant food diet, fight arthritis through plenty of movement and exercise. If you have pain and swelling in your fingers, try squeezing Thera-putty, which is putty designed for this purpose, or try exercising them with two of the Chinese chime balls. Exercise all your affected joints every day, to keep them as flexible as possible and help avoid them going stiff permanently.
For conventional treatment of arthritis – if you do choose to take drugs or medications, be very careful, read the labels carefully and talk to your pharmacist about side effects and adverse reactions. Make sure you know the name of your drugs and if they’ll react with any other medication you’re taking. Also if you’re going to take arthritis prescription medications make sure to ask your pharmacist for the drug inserts so you can read up on the drugs and understand any side effects or adverse reactions, before you start taking them. Only you know which arthritis treatment option is best for you.
Once you understand the facts about arthritis and the possible causes and treatment approaches you can take, you’ll be on your way to recovery and pain will disappear for good. Arthritis pain relief of your arthritis symptoms is the ultimate goal and understanding arthritis and arthritis treatments is a good way for you to get there. Knowing more about arthritis and osteoarthritis and how it works will ultimately help contribute to the relief of your arthritis pain.
Women Beware of Doctors Over-Prescribing Drugs
Tuesday, December 1st, 2009I love the women of the Baby Boomer generation. They demanded world attention for their rights to equality in the sixties, changed the gender rules in the seventies, made their way into executive boardrooms in the eighties, and paved the way for the coming generations of their daughters and their daughter’s daughters. Generations X and Y, and hopefully “Z”, have a lot to thank them.
Today, younger adult women don’t have to go through what they did for recognition and understanding. When I enrolled at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology in 1981, I was the only female in my first accounting class. Today, there are equally the same if not more women in graduate university and advanced education courses than men. This is how dramatically things have changed. But have they?
Since my mid-forties, I have had reason to visit a lot of doctor’s offices. I have been diagnosed as peri-menopausal, menopausal (differing opinions from different doctors), suffering from hypothyroidism, not suffering from hypothyroidism, Chronic Fatigue, no Chronic Fatigue, stress-related panic attacks, hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia – and the best of all – a recommendation that I should see a psychologist! All of these complaints and symptoms became more relevant when I later discovered I had severe adrenal problems – completely undiagnosed by all the doctors I saw. But for now, I just want to say, “God help the Baby Boomers!”
During the last few years, I have been in and out of so many doctor’s offices, surgeries, and hospitals that I have lost track. I have visited Hormone Specialists, Gynaecologists, General Practitioners and been rushed into hospital Emergency Rooms on countless occasions. I have had more blood tests than any rational person is meant to endure; subjected to ECGs (electrocardiograms), X-rays, brain scans, chest scans, hearing tests, and spent hours upon hours in those wonderful little ER cubicles waiting for tests or wheeled around from testing lab to testing lab. Not once, not a couple of times, but countless times. I have had the top of my palm injected with horrible large needles while I’ve waited for hours for a scan, drip, or blood transfusion.
I have also been insulted, ignored, laughed at, and been given operative procedures, drugs and antibiotics against my expressed concerns. A hospital gynaecologist even asked me on one occasion whether my breasts were real. (I am naturally well endowed.) I believe he was being playful and it was meant to be a joke – but at the time, I was lying in a hospital Emergency Room bed, waiting for a 4-pack blood transfusion. Needless to say, I didn’t find it very amusing at the time.
I am not a feminist. I know what strengths and weaknesses women have and acknowledge the strengths and weaknesses that men have. However, I am utterly astonished and dumbfounded at the way women are still being treated in the medical arena.
I am in total dismay at how the women of that gregarious, rebellious, open-minded, ground-breaking generation, the Baby Boomers, who led the revolution in changing the advertising, marketing, financial, and consumer-driven demands of the world, are still being treated as the 1950s stereotype female by the traditional medical community. And this includes some female doctors I have visited as well.
Every time I have visited a new doctor, the first typical response is, “its probably menopausal changes”. Firstly, if all I have suffered were menopause symptoms, I’d be swinging from the rafters with glee. I don’t wish to invalidate the women who have difficulties caused by hormonal changes, but with the new bio-identical hormone therapy available, menopause is an easier transition now than ever before.
Secondly, it worries me that the abruptness and immediacy of this instant diagnosis for women who happen to be in the 40 plus age group can potentially and dangerously prevent a real disease from accurate diagnosis and treatment or lead to misdiagnoses and serious consequences where there were none in the first place.
Men, younger women and now even teenagers and children are affected by similar circumstances. However, the typical and by far the larger demographic profile of wrongly diagnosed patients who fall victim to anti-depressants and tranquillisers are adult women.
Norma Finkelstein, Ph.D., of the Boston-based Coalition on Addiction, Pregnancy, and Parenting says, “Women tend to get addicted to prescription drugs like sedatives and tranquillisers more often than men do because doctors prescribe them to women more freely”. She estimates that 70 percent of prescribed tranquillisers and sedatives in the US are given to women. In Australia, 2:1 or 66.7 percent is the estimated ratio for women. Finkelstein also adds, “Women have long been seen by the medical profession as hysterical and anxious – so rather than listening to the woman’s problem, some doctors will just write a prescription for medication.”
I recall the wisdom of a friend who once said, “Educate the mother and you educate the family”. He was speaking of higher values at the time, but those words ring ominously in my mind now. Was the Rolling Stones’ 1960s hit “Mother’s Little Helper” a warning we didn’t heed?
To Compare the Role of Glibenclamide and Pioglitazone Drugs in Type 11 Non- Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Sunday, November 15th, 2009To compare the role of drugs glibenclamide and pioglitazone in type 11 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Authors: Raj Kumar Chohan, Mashor Ghulam Rasool, Ghulam Rasool Bhurgri, Shamim-u-Rehman, Mustafa DahriGhulam, Anis-u-Rehman. Introduction: —
To compare the role of drugs glibenclamide and pioglitazone in type 11 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
Authors: Raj Kumar Chohan, Mashor Ghulam Rasool, Ghulam Rasool Bhurgri, Shamim-u-Rehman, Mustafa DahriGhulam, Anis-u-Rehman.
Introduction: —
Diabetes comes from the Greek word for 'TRAP' that one is the first term implies much urine is made. The TRM "mellitus" comes from a word latón, "met" which means "honey" and was used because the urine was low (Wheeler, 2004)
Ketaocidosis diabetes is a life threatening condition requiring that certain data hospitalization and treatment. Recognition of this condition is almost important as even slight delays can have an impact on survival (Nattrass, 2006). Hypoglycemia is involved in insulin-induced episodes in people with diabetes. Probably the major limitation factor, insulin-treated patients from achieving the objectives of glucose necessary to prevent diabetic complications. The incidence of hypoglycemia reflects inadequancy Mathod delievery of current insulin that lead OT for the inappropriately high insulin levels, including some people after eating foods at the onset of night blindness and also an important risk factor for heart disease and stroke
(Heller, 2003).
TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUSTYPE 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) Type I diabetes affects children of all ages, both sexes and all groups athenic. Type 1 diabetes usually occurs by mechanisms. It is most common metabolic status in children and adolescents (Bui, 2004). Type1diabetes is characterized by an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells causing insulin deficiency. It follows a common biochemical end of hyperglycemia and the risk of ketoacidosis, but the clinical presentaion varies widely depending on the rate and degree of B-cell failure (Lambert & Bingley. 2005). Diabetes mellitus type II (NIDDM):
TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUS
TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS (IDDM):
Diabetes mellitus type II (NIDDM):
Diabetes type II is a complex metabolic disorder associated with dysfunction of B cells and with different degrees of insulin resistance major pathogenic factors leading to insulin resistance leading to type 2 diabetes and reduced the insulin secretion faced with abnormalities in liver, skeletal muscle and pancreatic B cells (Charles & Clark, 1996).
GESTATIONAL Diabetes Mellitus Mellitus: The women who develop glucose intolerance in late pregnancy and that women with previously undiagnosed diabetes.
SWEET GESTATIONAL Diabetes Mellitus
Women who develop impaired glucose tolerance in late pregnancy and that women with previously undiagnosed diabetes.
SECONDARY mellitus diabetes mellitus:
SECONDARY mellitus diabetes mellitus:
Secondary diabetes is caused by disease and pancreatic system endocrime, genetic disorders, or exposure to chemical agents.
Type – I diabetes, formerly called insluin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is characterized by destruction of pancreatic beta cells that produced inslulin
- Diabetes Type I diabetes, formerly called insulin-dependent (IDDM) is characterized by destruction of pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin. Type 1 diabetes occurs most often in children and young adults but it can be at any age. (Anderson et al 2007).
Type-11 diabetes uprward is not right. A pancreas that does not produce enough insulin. That liver glucose output too, the muscle cells that do not readily as glucose. (McCarren 2008)
Many genetic factors are involved in the development of diabetes. Because researchers new genetic methodology are firm to identify all candidate genes for non-insulin dependent diabetes and insulin-dependent (Bernhard, 1995).
Women who had gestational diabetes are more likely to develop type 11diabetes themselves. Pergnant women with diabetes are another disadvantaged group. They need much more intensive prenatal care and close monitoring of blood glucose, blood pressure and weight. (jawed2006)
On children's weight progression of childhood obesity in adulthood is associated with early development of complications, including diabetes IgpG2 and cardiovascular disease. The diabetes is the form most common clinical accountingforabout of diabetes by 90% of all cases, it is currently undergoing epidemic worldwide. 11diabetes mellitus type is caused by the infectious body use insulin, it is often the result of excess weight and physical inactivity (WHO 2007).
PREVALACES & IINCIDENCE:
PREVALACES & IINCIDENCE
Diabetes mellitus increases with age, in 200, the prevalence of diabetes was estimated at 0. 19% people20 years. It is considered a geographic variation in the incidence of both type 1 and type-11 diabetes mellitus. Scavandinvian has the highest incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus e. g in Finland, the incidence is 35/100, 000 per year, the Pacific region has a much lower rate in Japan and China, the incidence is 1 to 3 / 100, 00 year Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Northern Europe and the United States share an intermediate rate (8to17/100, 000 per year). The prevalence of type 11 diabetes mellitus is higher in some Pacific islands, intermediate in countries like India and the United States, and relatively low in Russia and China. This variability is probably due to genetic resources, beharioral and environmental factors (Power, 2005). Diabetes mellitus is prevalent also raises ethical people in different countries in a given, it is common in all ethnic groups in its prevalent with increasing age and more than 5% of people over 65 have diabetes mellitus (David Owerback 1988). The prevalence of diabetes worldwide has increased dramatically over the last two decades. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus diabetes TYPE11 is expected, type 11 diabetes mellitus is more prevalent among Hispanic America indigenous, African, American and Asian Pacific Islanders than in non-Hispanic whites, the incidence is substantially equal in Women and men in all populations. Diabetes Type 11 is becoming more common as people live longer, and the prevalence of diabetes increases with age, it is also seen more frequently now than before youth, in association with the rise of childhood obesity prevalenceof Although diabetes TYPE11 still countries with Nuber estimates of diabetes cases in 2000and 2030.
Rank Country
2000 individuals with diabetes countries (milloin)
Country
2030 Individuals with diabtes (Million)
India
31. 7
India
79. 47
China
20. 8
China
42. 3
United States
17. 7
United States
30. 3
Indonesia
8. 4
Indonesia
21. 3
Japan
6. 8
Pakistan
13. 9
Pakistan
5. 2
Brazil
11. 3
Russian Federation
4. 6
Bangladesh
11. 1
Brazil
4. 6
Japan
8. 9
Italy
4. 3
Philippines
7. 8
Bangladesh
3. 2
Egypt
6. 7
(Wareham & Forouhi 2OO6)
DRUG TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS:
DRUG TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Biguanides lower blood glucose levels, they increase the absorption of glucose use in skeletal muscle including reducing insulin resistance and reduce hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis). Lowering blood glucose reduces additionally denisity lipoproteins and low denisity very low (LDL and VLDL), respectively. Metformin has a half-life of approximately 3 hours and is excreted unchanged in urine. Metformin has been clinically used in type 2 diabetes who are obese and who fail treatment with diet alone. Adverse effects are produced dose-related gastro-intestinal e. g anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, lactic acidosis, a rare but potentially fatal toxic effects. (Dale, 2003).
Improving insulin sensitivity by activating certain genes involved in the synthesis of fat and carbohydrate metabolism Rosigilitazone and Piogiltazone are currently approved. Thiazolidinediones. Thiazolidinediones do not cause hypoglycemia when used alone, but they are usually taken in combination with sulfonylurease.
In some studies incouraging, thaiazolidiniones have produced very positive effects on the heart, including reducing blood pressure and triglycerides and improved levels Cholestrol including increased levels of HDL, the good Cholestrol. They may also block a molecule called 11 Best HSK that may play an important role in the metabolic syndrome and diabetes TYPE11. One study also sugessted that rosiglitazone May even improve the function of beta cells and thus help prevent the progression of diabetes. , Gain weight, anemia, increased risk of fluid accumulation, May worson heart failure. Troglitazone, was withdrawn after some reports of heart failure. Liver failure, death Abd. Don Thiazoldinediones present does not seem the same effects on the liver, although there have been few reports of liver damage.
In patients with failure-dietry choice of an agent of sulfonylurea or insulin therapy has been controversial and empric for insulin therapy are studies that have reported a marked improvement after receiving a diagnosis post intensive treatment in the short term untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (Scarlett et al, 1984) sulfonylureas further classified into two groups and generations in terms of their power, duration, drug interactions, patterns of side effects. Sulfonylureas improve insulin action in cultured cells and stimulating the synthesis of glucose transporters (Jacobs et al 1998). A sulfonylurea should normally be the insulin secretagogue of choice, NICE (National Institute for Clinical Excellence) recommends also that a generic drug should be perscribed (Scsade and al1998).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND MATERIALS AND METHODS:
RESEARCH DESIGN AND MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study was conducted in deprtment of Pharmacololgy and Therapeutics, Basic Medical Science Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, under the supervision of a od RRC: GhulamRsool Mashor, Associate Professo and Head of Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in coworkers with Medical Outpatient Department and filter Unit111 Clinic, Medical Department, JPMC, Karachi.
Seventy NIDDM (type II) diabetic patients were initially enrolled in the study of the clinic of the filter input / output of the patient medical service unit III, and the diabetic clinic. Of these 60 patients were associated with diabetes throughout the study period, 10 patients remaining were abandoned due to poor comlpiance or relocation housing. All patients were divided into two main groups, Group I and Group II, these patients were selected in this study based on criteria of inclusion and exclusion.
Inclusion Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria
EXCLUSION CRIRERIA:
EXCLUSION CRIRERIA
EQUIPMENT:
EQUIPMENT:
DRUGS
DRUGS
Tab: 5 mg Daonil (Aventis Pharma)
Drug class: sulfonylurea.
Generic Name: Glibenclamide.
MFGLIC: 000,007 No. RegistrationNO. 000220
FG Date :0-06
EXP Date :7-10
Lot No: B230
Tab: Pioz (Hilton Pharm) PvtLTd.
Tab: Poizer 15mg
Drug class: Thaiazolinedione.
Generic name: Pioglitazone hydrochloride.
MFG LIC: O. 000,136 Registration No. 03,270
FG Date :3-06
EXP Date :3-o9
Lot No: 6287
Tab: Poizer (Hilton Pharma) Pvt Ltd..
PARAMETERS:
Fasting blood glucose (FBS).
Random Blood Sugar (RBS).
Weight.
Keywords: diabetes, non-insulin diabetes mellitus depedent insulin Daonil, poizer, insulin.
RESULTS:
RESULTS:
Table 1
Table 1
Weight and blood sugar levels observed on day reference: 0
In group 1 and group11
Group 1
Group 11
Pioglitazone n = 27
Glibenclamide n = 33
Weight
63. 37
+ 2. 25
¯
62. 7
+ 15. 56
¯
FPG
172. 7
+ 13. 32
¯
188. 42
+ 12. O5
¯
Random Blood Sugar
285. 11
+ 15. 532
¯
284. 18
+ 17. 07
¯
All values are expressed as mean ± SEM.
FIGURE 1-weight and blood glucose levels observed at baseline (Day-O)
In Table shpwing weight (Kg's) and blood sugar (msg/dl0 levels is observed at baseline (day 0) in both groups 9group: 1 & group11)
Group: 1 Weight (Kg's) mean ± SEM) is 63. 37 ± 2. 25 of fasting blood sugar 172. 7 ± 13. 32, and randomly
blood sugar 285. 11 ± 15. 32
Group: 11 Weight (KG's0 (mean + SEM) 62. 7 ± 1 56. FPG (mg/dl0 188. 42 ± 12. 05, Random blood sugar is 284. 18 ± 17. 03.
Group: 11
Figure 2 show the weight and blood glucose levels observed in the baseline (day 0) in group 1 and group 11 weight 9 kg), its average values are 63. 37.62. 7, blood sugar fasting (mg / dl) is 172. 71, 188. 42 Random blood sugar (mg / dl) is 285. 11 & 284. 18.
TABLE 2
Peroidic Observation In all Group1 Settings
Goup1 (pioglitazone) n = 27
P-value
Day-0
Day-45
Day-90
Day-0to45
Day-45-90
Weight
63. 37
± 2. 25
63. 63
± 2. 26
63. 63
± 2. 23
> 0. 05
(NS)
> 0. 05
(NS)
FPG
172. 7
± 13. 32
165. 04
± 8. 98
153. 37
± 7. 59
> 0. 05
(NS)
0. 05
(NS)
Randomblood sugar
285. 11
± 15. 32
279. 78
± 13. 63
255. 56
± 12. 65
> 0. 05
(NS)
> 0. 05
(NS)
All values are expressed as mean ± SEM. (NS) not significant.
Table No: 2
Table No: 2
List of periodic observations in all parameters in group 1 (piogiltazone) (n 27) weight P. value (day 0 to day 45)> 0. 05 (NS). FPG> 0. 05 (NS), random blood sugar> 0. 05 (NS) p. Values 90 days of weight> 0. 05 (N. S), FBS> 0. 05 (N. S) 7RBS> 0. 05 (N. S) not significant
FIGURE 2 This is the periodic observation of all parameters in group 1 day0 Day 45 & Day-90. The mean values of weight (Kg) is 63. 37.63. 26.63. 63, FBS (mg / dl) 172. 7165. 04,153. 37, RBS (mg / dl) 285. 11,279. 78,255. 56.
TABLE NO3
Peroidic observation in All group11 Settings
Group 11 (glibenclamide)
N = 33
P-value
Day-0
Day-45
Day-90
Day-0-45
Day-45-90
Weight
62. 7
± 1. 56
65. 64
± 2. 10
64. 55
± 1. 92
> 0. 05 (NS)
0. 05 (NS0
FPG
188. 42
± 12. 05
168. 45
± 10. 99
140. 06
± 5. 68
> 0. 05 (NS)
> 0. 05 (S)
Random blood sugar
284. 18
± 17. 03
220. 12
± 13. 39
170. 94
± 5. 80
0. 002 (MS0
(s) significant (MS) significantly moderate
All values are expressed as mean ± SEM.
Table 3:
Table 3:
Showing comments in all regular parameters in Goup: 11 Group: 11 containing drugs (glibenclamide), none of the patients (n = 33). It's P-value on day 0 to 45 days on the weight> 0. 05 (NS), FBS> 0. 05 (N. S) RBS
Figure 3: Shwing periodic observations in all parameters in group 11 Weight 62. 7.65. 64.64. 55, FBS (mg / dL) 188. 42,168. 45 140. 06, RBS (mg / dl) 284. 18 220. 12, 170. 94 (the day 0-day 45 to 90).
DISCUSSION:
DISCUSSION:
In Denmark, Beck-al Nielsenet, Skillman TG (1981) published studies demonstation that glyburide increased number of E receptors on monocytes of patients with diabetes mellitus type 11. Some patients were treated with a diet and Cobin second-generation agents sulfonyureas Wie. The number of insulin receptors all patients were measured before and after treatment. Test glucose Intrvenous shows impairent persistent afterthe secretion of insulin from the drug. However, those patients who were on drug Pioglitazone some results have been obtained from the secretion of insulin in the early treatment drug impairment. Clinical observations have suggested that second-generation sulfonylureas May exert their effects by potentiating insulin released by the promoters of other primary insulin secreting drugs.
According to the study of WilliamC Dukworth et al (1972), aftr chronic treatment with sulfonylureas, it is well established that plasma insulin levels were reduced in response to glucose load orally. This place, apparently, even if glucose tolerance is improved over pre-treatment levels, this study clearly support this study.
The result of the group GL 11 is correlated with research conducted by Kimmel & Bonnie (2005) produced the same results as FBS reduced from baseline, and at the end of the study, with an overall 23. 44% reduction, whereas with the results showed at the end of the study Peroid p-values were (p
Similarly, Michael Alvarsson et al (2003) conducted a similar study and found the changes and overall change of 22. 11% FBS and 40. 88% in rubles at the end of the trial p-values were (p
However, a study conducted by (Stone & Brown (2003) didnot correspond to our results in the setting of FBS and observer for a reduction of 26 years. 22%.
CONCLUSION:
CONCLUSION:
In light of the discussion paper, it is obiovus glibenclamide was more effective, tolerable and safer than pioglitzone in a short time. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease to prolong the whole life. Poor communities can afford it easily, based on the marketing of this drug in diabetic patients Pakistan easily go and buy economically, in fact, most people buy it in pharmacies without perscription dr, because the pharmacist and patient both know about this disease. Like dispirin as an analgesic, it is famous anti-diabetic drugs in our countries compared to other anti-diabetic.
Refernces:
Refernces: